Statute of Limitations on Debt in Arizona
In Arizona, a lawsuit on a written contract must generally be brought within 6 years, and Arizona sets a separate 6 years period for consumer-credit transactions. These periods come from Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 12-548(A)(1) (written contract executed in Arizona); § 12-548(A)(2) (credit card, as defined in § 13-2101(3)(a)); § 12-548(B) (choice of law); § 12-543 (oral debt, stated or open account).
A limitation period limits how long someone has to file a lawsuit. It does not erase the debt, and it is not the same as the seven-year credit-reporting window.
Arizona limitation periods at a glance
| Type of obligation | Time limit to sue |
|---|---|
| Consumer-credit transactionSet by statute specifically for consumer debt | 6 years |
| Written contractSigned agreements and most loan documents | 6 years |
| Oral / unwritten contractVerbal agreements with no signed document | 3 years |
| Open / revolving accountThe category most credit-card debt falls under | 6 years |
| Promissory noteA written promise to pay a fixed sum | 6 years |
Source: Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 12-548(A)(1) (written contract executed in Arizona); § 12-548(A)(2) (credit card, as defined in § 13-2101(3)(a)); § 12-548(B) (choice of law); § 12-543 (oral debt, stated or open account). Read the statute directly: official text 1, official text 2. Where a row reads “not separately specified,” the Arizona code does not enumerate that category separately and the general contract period applies. We leave it blank rather than publish a number the statute does not state.
What makes Arizona different
Arizona settled a long-running question about credit cards by statute: § 12-548 was amended to state expressly that an action on a credit-card debt must be brought within six years. Before that, courts and collectors argued over whether cards were written contracts or open accounts — a three-year difference. Arizona is therefore one of the clearer states on this point, because the legislature answered the question directly rather than leaving it to case law.
Careful: a payment can restart the clock
In Arizona a new promise or acknowledgement generally must be in writing and signed to restart the limitation period, which gives consumers more protection than states where a verbal statement or a bare payment suffices.
This is why a small “good faith” payment on a very old account can work against you. In many states a payment, or a written acknowledgement that the debt is yours, can start the limitation period over from that date. Before paying anything on an old account, confirm how old the debt actually is and which rule applies in Arizona.
The statute of limitations is not the credit-reporting period
These two clocks get confused constantly, and the confusion is expensive in both directions. They are separate rules, set by different law, running for different lengths of time.
Statute of limitations — Arizona law
Set by Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 12-548(A)(1) (written contract executed in Arizona); § 12-548(A)(2) (credit card, as defined in § 13-2101(3)(a)); § 12-548(B) (choice of law); § 12-543 (oral debt, stated or open account). It limits how long a creditor or collector has to file a lawsuit over the debt. When it expires the debt is called time-barred. The debt still exists; what changes is the ability to enforce it in court.
Credit reporting — federal law
Set by the Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1681c. It generally allows most negative accounts to be reported for up to seven years, measured from the original delinquency. It applies the same way in all fifty states.
So in Arizona a debt can be legally unsuable and still sit on your credit report, and a debt can be reportable long after the lawsuit window has closed. If a collection account is being reported with a delinquency date that looks newer than it should, that is a separate and disputable reporting problem — see our directory of collection agencies for who may be reporting it.
Arizona debt statute of limitations: common questions
What is the statute of limitations on debt in Arizona?
In Arizona the limitation period for a written contract is 6 years and for an oral contract 3 years, under Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 12-548(A)(1) (written contract executed in Arizona); § 12-548(A)(2) (credit card, as defined in § 13-2101(3)(a)); § 12-548(B) (choice of law); § 12-543 (oral debt, stated or open account). Arizona also sets a separate period of 6 years specifically for consumer-credit transactions, which is the one that usually matters for credit-card and similar household debt. The limitation period controls how long a creditor or collector has to file a lawsuit — it is not a deadline for the debt to disappear.
Does the statute of limitations mean the debt comes off my credit report in 6 years?
No, and this is the single most common misunderstanding on this topic. The statute of limitations is a limit on filing a lawsuit. Credit reporting is governed separately by the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. § 1681c), which generally allows most negative accounts to be reported for up to seven years. The two periods are different lengths and start from different events, so in Arizona a debt can be past the limitation period and still appear on your credit report, and a debt can still be reportable long after nobody can sue over it.
Can making a payment restart the clock in Arizona?
In Arizona a new promise or acknowledgement generally must be in writing and signed to restart the limitation period, which gives consumers more protection than states where a verbal statement or a bare payment suffices. Because the consequences are significant, it is worth understanding the rule before making a payment, signing anything, or acknowledging an old account in writing.
Can a collector still contact me about a time-barred debt in Arizona?
Generally yes. A debt that is past the limitation period is usually called "time-barred," and in most circumstances a collector may still ask you to pay it — it is the lawsuit that the statute restricts. What a collector may not do is mislead you about the debt's status or threaten a lawsuit it cannot legally bring. The federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act applies, and Arizona consumers also have the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau complaint process available.
What should I do if I am sued over an old debt in Arizona?
Do not ignore it. A limitation defence is generally not automatic — in most courts it must be raised, and failing to respond can result in a default judgment even on a debt that was time-barred. If you are served with a lawsuit, respond within the deadline on the papers and consider speaking with a licensed Arizona attorney. Nothing on this page is legal advice.
How do I know which limitation period applies to my Arizona debt?
It depends on how the obligation is documented. Arizona treats a signed written contract (6 years) differently from an unwritten one (3 years), and open or revolving accounts are addressed at 6 years. The start date also matters: the period generally runs from the point the claim accrued, which is commonly tied to the last activity on the account. The exact category of a specific debt is a legal question.
Compare other states
Written-contract periods among the states we have verified against their own statutes range from 3 to 10 years. Which state’s law applies can depend on where you live, where you signed, and what the agreement says.
Important. This page summarises publicly available Arizona statutory law for general information. It is not legal advice, and it does not create an attorney-client relationship. Limitation periods are amended by legislatures, interpreted by courts, and can turn on facts specific to one account — including which state’s law applies. Crowned Credit is a credit-repair organisation, not a law firm, and does not provide legal representation. For advice about a specific debt or lawsuit, consult a licensed attorney in Arizona.
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